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callous

Uncaring, indifferent or unconcerned about the feelings or needs of others, heartless, cruel.
The wealthy industrialist rolled his eyes in callous disdain as he brushed past a crying child begging for help.

The school bully callously humiliated a helpless newcomer.
by Lorelili November 19, 2012
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toga

An often understood garment from ancient Rome; the "toga" of a toga party is much scantier and flimsier than the toga that ancient Romans wore.

The toga was basically a large wrap worn over a tunic.
In the early days of the empire, the toga was worn by both sexes, but after 200 BC the toga was reserved for men while women were expected to wear the stola; a woman wearing a toga was generally a prostitute or an adultress, to distinguish them from "respectable" women.
by Lorelili November 7, 2012
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horticulture

A subsistence pattern distinguished by intensive gardening. Essentially small-scale farming, growing all manner of vegetables, fruits, herbs, and other plant products.

In societies that subsist on horticulture, there is a strong association with matrilineal families; daughters inherit the land from their mothers. The men clear a patch of forest for a garden and the women take over. This is usually accomplished by slash-and-burn.

The most important relationship in a horticultural society is usually the bond between brother and sister (as opposed to between father and son in many farming societies); a woman marries and her husband is recognized as the father of her children, husband and wife generally live separately and the main father figure for her children is their maternal uncle.
Among the societies that practice horticulture are the Maroons of Suriname, the Mosuo and Naxi of China, and numerous indigenous peoples in Indonesia and the Americas, like the Iroquois, Navajo, Hopi, Zuni, and Zapotec. All of these nations are traditionally matrilineal.
by Lorelili November 7, 2012
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hunter-gatherer

Somebody who still practices the oldest known subsistence method for humans: gathering plant foods and hunting animals. Also known as a forager. For 99.9% of human history, virtually all humans lived in small, semi-nomadic bands who foraged for food. Now only .1% of humans hunt and gather.
Hunter-gatherer societies are the most egalitarian societies known; since the group size is rarely more than one hundred to two hundred, there is no room for sexual division of labor or social strata because everyone must look out for each other. Men hunt while women and children gather roots, leaves, fruits, eggs, seeds, and trap small animals. Males and females are recognized as different but equally important; since hunting is difficult and unpredictable, the women provide about 80% of the food. While women could hunt, that they nurse babies and small children keeps them from joining stressful, difficult hunts; gathering plant foods is far easier on the women and children. While the men must use sign language and hand signals to communicate while hunting, the women are free to chat with each other as they gather all manner of plant products.

Foragers depend heavily on the reproductive capacities of their territory and the local climate/ ecosystem must change very little, if at all; a tiny shift could mean disaster.
The hunter-gatherer culture is very difficult to preserve now, with such pressure to assimilate. But then, Jared Diamond has argued that agriculture is the worst mistake that humans have made.
Where foragers eat at least 200 species of plants and a similar number of animal species, industrial cultures barely eat a tenth of that; foragers are far healthier while farmers now live with very little crop diversity and are thus vulnerable to famine and have lived close to animals and exchanged pathogens with them.
Women in foraging societies have the most autonomy; women’s control of production, marriage, and reproduction is the norm in hunter-gatherer groups.
Hunter-gatherer groups include the Bushmen, Mbenga, and Hadza peoples of southern Africa; the Yupik and Gwich'in of Alaska; the Beaver Nation of Canada; and numerous indigenous tribes in Indonesia, Australia, and the Americas.
Many of America's First Nations have been forced to leave hunter-gatherer lifestyles, including the Miwok, Ohlone, Chumash, Paiute, Cheyenne, Shoshone, Penobscot, and the many Plains Nations.
by Lorelili November 6, 2012
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redhead

Somebody with red hair, ranging from ethereal strawberry blond to sensuous dark auburn. Red hair is a recessive gene and often skips a generation in families.

Blue, green, or grey eyes and peaches-and-cream complexion often go hand-in-hand with red hair, often with freckles. Redheads almost always burn in the sun and are thus vulnerable to skin cancer.

While redheads are admired in the United States, in Britain there's a strange hostility to them; perhaps because of historic association of red hair with the Irish and Scottish (whose populations are porportionately 10% and 13% of natural redheads, respectively), "gingers" are often openly insulted and treated with disdain, plus there's the bizarre claim that "gingers have no souls" (although given the "comedian" Carrot Top, it's understandable).

Still, redheads are also stereotyped as fiery-tempered and very lustful. This is part of the adoration of redheaded women, although redheaded men don't get enough attention.
Depending on where one is, a redhead is often called "carrot top", "ginger", or "rusty"; the association with the "comedian" is unwanted, "ginger" can be comedic or insulting, and "rusty" hardly sounds like a compliment.

Some nice alternative adjectives for redhead include: cinnamon, nutmeg, copper, russet, gingerbread, turmeric, fox, burgundy, cayenne, pomegranate, fiery, flame, scarlet, crimson, carmine, saffron, and titian.

Famous redheads include: Nicole Kidman, Julianne Moore, Ewan McGregor, Maureen O'Hara, Katherine Hepburn, Prince Harry, Rupert Grint, Bonnie Wright, Elizabeth I, Conan O'Brien, Vincent Van Gogh, Eddie Redmayne, Winston Churchill, Shirley Manson, Molly Ringwald, Marilyn Monroe, Eric Stolz, J K Rowling, Karen Gillan, Ron Howard, Jennie McAlpine, Michael C. Hall, and Tori Amos, among others.
by Lorelili November 4, 2012
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erotic

Something that is sexually arousing, sensuous.

The main difference between erotica and pornography seems to be that erotica is closer to fine art and of a romantic nature while pornography is seen as crass and degrading.
The Song of Songs is among the most erotic passages in the Bible (or in any literature).

Romantic literature is often erotic:
"...their lips rosy and swollen in delight... Tatiana's honey-colored skin was flushed pink as she collapsed against the luxuriously full pillows on the bed, her obsidian hair spilling in all directions, the hillocks of her bosom peaked with excitement. Felipe's sinewy, barrel chested form and his smouldering coffee eyes gazed upon her eagerly as his strong, cinnamon hands gently caressed her silken thighs, like two gazelles, and the fullness of her hips. His breath caught in his throat as he beheld the blossom of her loins in its nest of curls, the petals dripping with the nectar of her desire, her pearl awaiting his kiss. Felipe's bull shoulders trembled, the head of his soldier rose and peered through its hood..."
by Lorelili November 3, 2012
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Elizabeth Stride

(November 27, 1843-September 30, 1888) The third recognized victim of Jack the Ripper. Known as "Long Liz" by friends later in life, for her last name and lanky physique.

Born Elisabeth Gustafsdottir to a peasant family west of Gothenburg, Sweden. Unlike the other victims, Liz turned to prostitution early in life and at five-foot-five, with her dark brown hair, grey eyes, and angular features, she was a striking woman. She was known among Gothenburg police and gave birth to a stillborn daughter in April, 1865. In 1866, she moved to London as a domestic servant and in 1869 she married John Thomas Stride, a carpenter 13 years older than her. Their marriage was stormy and they separated at least twice, for the last time in 1881.
After leaving Stride, Liz lived in a dosshouse and lived off of charity handouts in addition to sewing, housekeeping, and occasional prostitution. From 1885 until her death, she had an on-and-off relationship with a dockworker, Michael Kidney. While described as "calm" and "sober", Liz was arrested several times for drunk and disorderly conduct and she and Michael were often at each other's throats.
Elizabeth Stride often told acquaintances that she'd lost her husband and two of her nine children in the sinking of the "Princess Alice" in 1878 and another survivor had kicked her in the mouth as they swam to safety, causing her to stammer. While Liz was missing the teeth in her lower left jaw, Thomas Stride actually had died of tuberculosis in 1884 and they had no children. This story was most likely to elicit sympathy and financial aid from others.

At 12:35 AM, Liz was seen speaking with a man in Dutfield's Yard, next to the International Working Men's Educational Club on Berner Street. At about 1 AM, Louis Diemshutz, the steward of the club, pulled into Dutfield's Yard with his pony and cart when the pony was startled by something in the darkness and refused to go farther.

Diemshutz dismounted the cart, knelt in front of his horse, and struck a match; he saw Liz Stride lying in the dirt with her throat cut and bleeding.
Beyond the throat wound, Liz had not been injured and her clothing was undisturbed, unlike Polly Nichols and Annie Chapman. Perhaps she was not a Ripper victim, perhaps the Ripper meant to go farther when the arrival of Diemschutz interrupted him. Having botched this killing, Jack had to flee. Leaving the East End and crossing into the City of London, he happened upon Mitre Square... and another victim, Catherine Eddowes.
by Lorelili October 9, 2012
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